Comparison between endoscopic surgery and glucocorticoid therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy: a meta-analysis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To systematically analyze the efficacy of nasal endoscopic transsphenoidal decompression and glucocorticoid pulse therapy for traumatic optic neuropathy (TON).Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrial.gov, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical and other databases were searched to retrieve clinical studies on endoscopic surgery and hormone therapy for TON since their establishment to November 1, 2020.Two researchers screened the literature and evaluated the quality of the included literatures.The improvement of visual acuity before and after treatment was taken as an effective indicator.RevMan 5.3 statistical software was used for meta-analysis.The sensitivity of the results was analyzed atfer literature exclusion.The publication bias of each study was double checked by funnel plot and Begg test.Results:Eight studies were included, including 7 cohort studies and 1 randomized controlled trial.There was no significant difference between the endoscopic decompression group and glucocorticoid group in the efficiency of visual acuity improvement in the treatment of TON [odds ratio ( OR)=1.65, 95% confidence interval ( CI)∶0.75-3.66, P=0.22], neither in TON patients with residual vision before surgery ( OR=2.17, 95% CI: 0.94-4.98, P=0.07). For nasal endoscopic decompression surgery, early surgery (disease course<7 days) was more effective than late surgery (disease course>7 days) ( OR=4.73, 95% CI: 2.55-8.78, P<0.01). Sensitivity analysis suggested that the results of this literature analysis were not robust.The Begg test showed that there was no literature publication bias. Conclusions:There is no significant difference between nasal endoscopic surgery and glucocorticoid therapy in the treatment of TON.Early endoscopic surgery may help improve visual acuity in patients with residual vision.

Effect of Guilu Erxiangao on Alzheimer's Disease and Its Mechanism Based on Kidney-brain Correlation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Guilu Erxiangao on Alzheimer's disease （AD） model rats induced by hydrocortisone and amyloid β-protein（Aβ） based on the theory of kidney-brain correlation. MethodIntraperitoneal injection of hydrocortisone and intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ were performed to induce AD in rats， and different concentrations of Guilu Erxiangao were used for intervention. The indexes of hippocampus， kidney and adrenal gland were measured， and the spatial learning and memory ability of AD rats was observed by Morris water maze experiment. The levels of testosterone （T） and corticosterone （CORT） in serum samples were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS） was used to collect and analyze the serum metabolic data of model rats. The active components and corresponding targets of Guilu Erxiangao were collected using Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP）， a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechANism of Traditional Chinese Medicine （BATMAN-TCM） and Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database（TCMID）. GeneCards and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM） were retrieved to obtain AD-related targets， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed to perform gene ontology （GO）and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis. The expression level of interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the hippocampus of rats was detected by Western blot. ResultCompared with the model group， the low-， medium- and high-dose groups of Guilu Erxiangao exhibited significantly increased hippocampus index， kidney index and adrenal gland index， reduced CORT levels in serum and down-regulated IL-6 levels in hippocampal tissues. According to the results of water maze experiment， as compared with the model group， the platform crossing times of rats was significantly increased in the low- and high-dose groups of Guilu Erxiangao， with evidently prolonged distance traveled in quadrant Ⅲ （%） and time in quadrant Ⅲ （%）. A total of 24 serum differential metabolites associated with AD were identified by LC-MS， and 50 high-frequency common compounds and 187 high-frequency common targets for AD treatment were screened by network pharmacology method. Results demonstrated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases（PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway plays an important role in the complex AD pathological mechanism. ConclusionGuilu Erxiangao can significantly improve the cognitive dysfunction of AD model rats induced by hydrocortisone and Aβ， reduce serum CORT levels and IL-6 levels in hippocampal tissues， and regulate the metabolic level， which provides a reference for its clinical application.

Identification of Andrographis Herba and its common products using mini-barcode / 中国天然药物

Andrographis Herba, the aerial part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees (Acanthaceae), has a wide geographic distribution and has been used for the treatment of fever, cold, inflammation, and other infectious diseases. In markets, sellers and buyers commonly inadvertently confuse with related species. In addition, most Chinese medicinal herbs are subjected to traditional processing procedures, such as steaming and boiling, before they are sold at dispensaries; therefore, it is very difficult to identify Andrographis Herba when it is processed into Chinese medicines. The identification of species and processed medicinal materials is a growing issue in the marketplace. However, conventional methods of identification have limitations, while DNA barcoding has received considerable attention as a new potential means to identify species and processed medicinal materials. In this study, 17 standard reference materials of A. paniculata, 2 standard decoctions, 27 commercial products and two adulterants were collected. Based on the ITS2 sequence, it could successfully identify A. paniculata and adulterants. Moreover, a nucleotide signature consisting of 71 bp was designed, this sequence is highly conserved and specific within A. paniculata while divergent among other species. Then, we used these new primers to amplify the nucleotide signature region from processed materials. In conclusion, the DNA barcoding method developed in the present study for authenticating A. paniculata is rapid and cost-effective. It can be used in the future to guarantee the quality of Andrographis Herba of each regulatory link for clinical use.

Primary liver cancer complicated by hepatic cystic echinococcosis: a case report / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

A primary liver cancer patient complicated by hepatic cystic echinococcosis was reported. The case was admitted to the hospital due to intermittent upper abdominal discomfort for more than half a month, and an auxiliary examination revealed primary liver cancer complicated by hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Then, hepatic artery infusion and chemoembolization was performed, and no treatment was given to cystic echinococcosis lesions. Following treatment, the patient had remarkable improvements in the liver functions.

Expression of Blimp1、ATF4 and CHOP in Multiple Myeloma Cells and Effect of Aspirin on Their Expression / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expression of Blimp1, ATF4 and CHOP in bone marrow mononuclear cells from patients with multiple myeloma as well as the effect of aspirin on their expression.@*METHODS@#Sixty untreated patients with multiple myeloma and 30 patients with relatively normal bone marrow were selected. Mononuclear cells from the bone marrow fluid were separated using Ficoll separation solution. CD138 plasma cells were sorted by immunomagnetic beads method. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression levels of Blimp1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA in U266 cells cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into blank control group, negative control group (no-loaded virus transfection) and positive experimental group [LV-Blimp1-RNAi (40051-2) transfection] by lentivirus transfection. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Blimp1, ATF4 and CHOP mRNA in cells of different groups. U266 cells were stimulated in vitro with different concentrations of aspirin solution (0, 0.5 mmol/L, 2.5 mmol/L, 5.0 mmol/L) for 24, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The ability of cell proliferation in different groups was measured by CCK-8. U266 cells were stimulated with different concentrations of aspirin for 48 hours. And the mRNA expression of Blimp1, ATF4 and CHOP was detected by RT-PCR.@*RESULTS@#Compared with plasma cells in normal group, the expression of Blimp1 mRNA in CD138 plasma cells of MM patients significantly increased (8.040±1.878), and the mRNA expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP significantly decreased (0.735±0.089; 0.837±0.062) (P＜0.05). U266 cells were cultured in vitro. Compared with the blank control group and the negative control group, the mRNA expression level of Blimp in the positive experimental group was significantly down-regulated after infection with LV-Blimp1-RNAi (40051-2) lentiviral expression vector (0.637±0.021). ATF4 and CHOP mRNA expression levels were significantly increased (1.452 ± 0.027; 1.721 ± 0.038) (P＜0.05). The proliferation of U266 cells decreased after stimulation with aspirin. In the range of (0.5-5) mmol/L, aspirin could significantly inhibit the proliferation of U266 cells. The inhibition effect of aspirin was increased along with prolongation of time and increase of concentrations. After aspirin stimulation of different concentrations for 48 hours, the expression level of Blimp1 in U266 cells decreased with increasing of drug concentration, while the expression levels of ATF4 and CHOP increased with increasing of drug concentration.@*CONCLUSION@#Inhibition of Blimp1 expression in multiple myeloma cells can promote the expression of ATF4 and CHOP. Aspirin can inhibit the proliferation activity of myeloma cells by down-regulating Blimp1 expression in myeloma cells and up-regulating ATF4 and CHOP expression, therefore plays an anti-tumor rote.

Adipose-derived stem cells alleviate the inhibition effect of seawater against epidermal cell proliferation and migration through EGFR/ERK pathway / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To explore the possible mechanism of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) promoting seawater immersion wound healing in vitro. Methods: Human epidermal cell line HaCaT cells and artificially simulated seawater were used to establish an in vitro model of cell damage induced by seawater immersion. hADSCs were isolated from human adipose tissues, and a co-culture system of HaCaT cells and hADSCs was established. The proliferation and migration abilities of HaCaT cells were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) cell proliferation detection kit and cell scratch test. The activation levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway were detected by Western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR. Results: The proliferation of HaCaT cells cultured with the medium containing 10% artificial seawater was significantly inhibited compared with the cells cultured without artificial seawater (P0.05). The expression of EGFR/ERK signaling pathway in seawater-cultured HaCaT cells was significantly inhibited compared with the cells cultured without seawater and those co-cultured with hADSCs and seawater (P0.05). Conclusion: Seawater can block the activation of EGFR/ERK signaling pathway and inhibit the proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells. hADSCs can promote the activation of EGFR/ERK signaling pathway and reduce the inhibition effect of seawater against proliferation and migration of HaCaT cells.

Role of hippocampal CD200R1 in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the role of hippocampal CD200 receptor 1 (CD200R1) in perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) in mice.@*Methods@#Sixty clean-grade male C57BL/6 mice, aged 9-10 months, weighing 32-38 g, were used in the study.The experiment was performed in two parts.Experiment Ⅰ Thirty-six mice were divided into 2 groups (n=18 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and PND group.Group C only received isoflurane anesthesia.Partial left lobectomy of the liver was performed under isoflurane anesthesia in group PND.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery, and the freezing time was recorded.The mice were then sacrificed, and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) contents (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and CD200 and CD200R1 expression (by Western blot). Experiment Ⅱ Twenty-four mice were divided into 2 groups (n=12 each) using a random number table method: CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group.Recombinant proteins CD200-Fc and human IgG1-Fc were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group, respectively.Partial left lobectomy of the liver was performed after the end of injection.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1 and 3 days after surgery, and the freezing time was recorded.@*Results@#Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened, and the contents of IL-1β were increased at 1 and 3 days after surgery, the contents of TNF-α were increased at 3 and 7 days after surgery, and the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 was up-regulated at 1 day after surgery in group PND (P<0.05). Experiment Ⅱ Compared with IgG1-Fc group, the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged at 1 day after surgery in CD200-Fc group (P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Up-regulated expression of hippocampal CD200R1 is the endogenous protective mechanism of PND in mice.

Role of hippocampal CD200R1 in perioperative neurocognitive disorders in mice / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of hippocampal CD200 receptor 1(CD200R1)in peri-operative neurocognitive disorders(PND)in mice.Methods Sixty clean-grade male C57BL/6 mice,aged 9-10 months,weighing 32-38 g,were used in the study.The experiment was performed in two parts.Ex-periment Ⅰ Thirty-six mice were divided into 2 groups(n＝18 each)using a random number table meth-od: control group(group C)and PND group.Group C only received isoflurane anesthesia.Partial left lo-bectomy of the liver was performed under isoflurane anesthesia in group PND.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1,3 and 7 days after surgery,and the freezing time was recorded.The mice were then sacrificed,and the hippocampus was isolated for determination of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)contents(by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)and CD200 and CD200R1 expression(by Western blot).ExperimentⅡ Twenty-four mice were divided into 2 groups(n＝12 each)using a random number table method: CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group.Recombinant proteins CD200-Fc and human IgG1-Fc were injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in CD200-Fc group and IgG1-Fc group,respectively.Partial left lobectomy of the liver was performed after the end of injection.Contextual fear conditioning test was performed at 1 and 3 days after surgery,and the freezing time was recorded.Re-sults Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C,the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly shortened,and the contents of IL-1β were increased at 1 and 3 days after surgery,the contents of TNF-α were increased at 3 and 7 days after surgery,and the expression of CD200 and CD200R1 was up-regulated at 1 day after surgery in group PND(P＜0.05).ExperimentⅡ Compared with IgG1-Fc group,the freezing time in the contextual fear conditioning test was significantly prolonged at 1 day after surgery in CD200-Fc group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Up-regulated expression of hippocampal CD200R1 is the endogenous protective mechanism of PND in mice.

Identification of 23 unknown Li minority medicinal plants based on DNA barcoding / 中国中药杂志

DNA barcode molecular biological technique is used to identify the species of 23 unknown Li minority medicinal plants.DNA was extracted from 23 unknown medicines using the Plant Genomic DNA Extraction kit. The ITS2 and psbA-trnH regions were amplified and sequenced bi-directionally. The Codon Code Aligner V 7. 0. 1 was used to proofread and assemble the contigs and generated consensus sequences. All the sequences were submitted to Traditional Chinese Medicine DNA Barcode Database and NCBI Gen Bank to get information of the species identifications. If the maximum similarity of the identification result is ≥ 97%,exact species can be known. If it is between 97% and 90%,samples' genus can be confirmed; If it is <90%,then we can only confirm its family. Finally there are 17 samples can be identified to species level,5 can be identified to genus level and 1 can be identified to family level. This shows that DNA barcoding used in medicinal plants molecular identification,can identify unknown species rapidly and accurately.

Synthesis of triterpenoid saponins from Aesculus chinensis based on transcriptome data / 中国中药杂志

Aesculus chinensis belongs to Hippocastanaceae family,bears medicinal and ornamental values. The oleanane type triterpenoid saponin aescin is regarded as active ingredient and accumulated in seed. In order to understand its molecular basis of the triterpenoid biosynthesis,we used high-throughput sequencing under Illumina Hi Seq 2000 platform to obtain the transcriptome data of seed and flower from A. chinensis to further mine the genes involved in its metabolic pathway. Unigene's de novo splicing was performed using Trinity software; the transcriptome results were annotated with KEGG database to predict the specific pathways of the aescin triterpenoid metabolism. Terpenoid and triterpenoid pathways were found from transcriptome data,and forty seven and twenty seven corresponding genes were uncovered respectively. It was found that there are eight kinds of enzymes related to the terpenoid metabolism pathway precursors and three kinds of enzymes related to the triterpenoid metabolism pathway. In this study,five genes corresponding to triterpene cyclase were analyzed in A. chinensis for the first time,which may participate in the synthesis of triterpenoid. It' s revealed that there were thirty three differential genes associated with the ko00900 and ko00909 pathways by analysis on the difference in transcriptome expression between seeds and flowers; seventeen unigenes were up-regulated and sixteen unigenes were down-regulated in the seeds relative to flowers. In this study, qRT-PCR experiments were used to verify the expression of three key enzyme genes of SQE( Unigene25806),HMGS( Unigene36710),and β-AS( Unigene33291). The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with the transcriptome data. The candidate genes related to triterpenoid saponin aescin synthesis in A. chinensis found in this study can provide theoretical basis for the metabolism synthesis and regulation of aescin.

The underlying mechanism for the connection between visual long-term memory and visual working memory / 生理学报

Visual memory, mainly composed of visual long-term memory (VLTM) and visual working memory (VWM), is an important mechanism of human information storage. Since Baddeley proposed the multicomponent working memory model, the idea that VWM is independent of the VLTM system has been widely accepted. However, the new theoretical evidence suggested a close connection between VLTM and VWM. For instance, the three embedded components model describes the VLTM and VWM in the same framework, which suggests that VWM is only a distinct state of VLTM. On the one hand, the operating function of VWM is supported by the persistence of VLTM. On the other hand, the evidence from neuroimaging studies shows that VWM and VLTM tasks activate some same brain areas. In addition, the whole visual memory system shows a trend of processing from early visual cortex to prefrontal cortex. The present article not only reviews the current studies about the relationship between VLTM and VWM but also gives some forecasts for future studies.

Attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces: anger and happiness superiority effects / 生理学报

Emotional information is critical for our social life, in which attentional bias is now a focus in the study on attention. However, the attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces still arouses huge controversy. Using similar experimental paradigms and stimuli, the published studies have yielded contradictory results. Some studies suggest that angry faces could automatically stimulate attention, that is, there is an anger superiority effect. On the contrary, lines of growing evidence support the existence of a happiness superiority effect, suggesting that the superiority effect is shown in happy faces rather than angry faces. In the present paper, the behavioral and neuroscience studies of anger and happiness superiority effects are combined. It is found that there are three major reasons for the debate over the two types of effects, which include the choice of stimulus materials, the difference of paradigm setting, and the different stages of emotional processing. By comparatively integrating the previous published results, we highlight that the future studies should further control the experimental materials and procedures, and investigate the processing mechanism of anger and happiness superiority effects by combining cognitive neurobiology means to resolve the disputes.

Identification of bear bile powder and its adulterants by using DNA barcoding technology / 中国中药杂志

To identify the precious bile powder and its adulterants by DNA barcoding, and establish its standard experimental process to ensure the safe and effective utilization. Total twelve sequences from samples of bear bile powder which come from Ursus thibetanus for DNA extraction, PCR(polymerase chain reaction) and sequence, then using CodonCode Aligner V 7.0.1 shear primer region to obtain COI sequence. The COI sequences of U. arctos and their adulterants were obtained from GenBank. MEGA7.0 software was applied for analyzing mutation, calculating intraspecific and interspecific K2P(Kimura 2-Parameter) genetic distance and constructing the Neighbor-joining tree(NJ). The results showed that the maximum K2P genetic distance of bear bile powder of U. thibetanus and U. arctos are far less than minimum K2P genetic distance within its adulterants species, and the results of NJ tree demonstrated that each species could be distinguished from the counterfeits obviously. DNA barcoding is a safe, convenient and reliable technique for species identification, and it is important to establish the standard sequence of COI sequences for animal medicines.

Application of HRM combined with DNA barcoding to analysis of the Armeniacae semen amarum mixed in Persicae semen / 药学学报

Persicae semen has been used for years as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases. Because of their similar morphologies, Persicae semen was commonly inadvertently mixed with Armeniacae semen amarum (a toxic herbal seed). Development of a reliable method for discriminating Persicae semen from its adulterant is necessary to reduce confusion for the drug safety in clinical practices. This study evaluates the efficiency of high-resolution melting (HRM) combined with internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) to analyze Persicae semen. Our findings show that HRM allows not only the identification of adulteration but also the quantification of the most common admixture. HRM sensitivity in adulterant detection was assessed through the analysis of mixing samples with different proportions of Prunus persica and Prunus armeniaca control. The results are presented as a linear regression with r of 0.96 and imply the capability of the method to detect adulteration. In particular, HRM detected seeds of Prunus persica in Prunus armeniaca at concentrations as low as 1%, and commercial products labeled as ‘Persicae semen’ were purchased from markets and could rapid authenticated by HRM analyses. This study is significant in the verification of the authenticity in the quality control of herbal medicine. In the near future, it is promising to be the main trend for identifying traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

ITS2 barcoding DNA region combined with high resolution melting (HRM) analysis of Hyoscyami Semen, the mature seed of Hyoscyamus niger / 中国天然药物

Hyoscyami Semen, the mature dried seed of Hyoscyamus niger L., has long been used as a traditional Chinese medicine to treat human diseases. Hyoscyami Semen is found in local markets in China. In markets, sellers and buyers commonly inadvertently mix the seeds of H. niger with the seeds of related species such as Hygrophila salicifolia (Vahl) Nees, Astragalus complanatus R. Br., Cuscuta australis R. Br., Cuscuta chinensis Lam., and Impatiens balsamina L. because of their similar morphologies or similar names. Thus, developing a reliable method for discriminating H. niger seeds from its adulterants is necessary to reduce confusion and ensure the safe use of Hyoscyami Semen. The present study was designed to evaluate the efficiency of high-resolution melting analysis combined with DNA barcoding (Bar-HRM) with internal transcribed spacer 2 to discriminate H. niger. Our results show that Bar-HRM successfully identified the adulterants and detected the proportion of H. niger DNA extract within an admixture. In particular, HRM detected H. niger DNA extract in A. complanatus DNA extract at concentrations as low as 1%. In conclusion, the Bar-HRM method developed in the present study for authenticating H. niger is rapid and cost-effective. It can be used in the future to guarantee the purity of Hyoscyami Semen for the clinical use.

Application of high resolution melting curve to identification of Cimicifugae Rhizoma / 药学学报

High-resolution-melting analysis (HRM) is a new technology derived from qPCR and is widely used in the study of polymorphism, genotyping, and single nucleotide mutation. Advantages of HRM include cost-effectiveness and time-efficiency over PCR-based genotyping. However, the application of HRM in the authentication of herbal products is still limited with few studies on the classification and identification of herbal products. In this study, Cimicifugae Rhizoma was used as an example to verify the stability and accuracy of HRM technique in identification of Chinese materia medica. HRM assay was established for identification based on ITS2 region of Cimicifugae Rhizomas and its adulterants (including 41 samples). Our findings showed that HRM allows not only the identification of adulteration but also the quantification of the most common admixture. This study is significant for better quality in the verification of the authenticity of herbal medicine. The method is promising for future identification of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Therapeutic effects of zinc supplement as adjunctive therapy in infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutic effects of oral zinc supplement in infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis, and its preventive effects against diarrhea recurrence within 3 months after treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 103 infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into zinc supplement group (n=51) and conventional treatment group (n=52). Both groups were equally treated with a comprehensive therapy, besides which the zinc supplement group received zinc gluconate granules for 10 days. The treatment outcomes were examined at 72 hours after treatment, and the time required for the disappearance of positive symptoms and the recovery of injured extra-intestinal organs were determined. In addition, these patients were followed up for 3 months to determine the incidence of diarrhea recurrence after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall response rate in the zinc supplement group was significantly higher than that in the conventional treatment group (90% vs 75%; P<0.05). The durations of diarrhea, high fever, and vomiting in the zinc supplement group were significantly shorter than that in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05). In addition, the recurrence rate of diarrhea and the incidence of severe diarrhea within 3 months after treatment in the zinc supplement group were significantly lower than in the conventional treatment group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Oral zinc supplement as adjunctive therapy is effective in treating infants and young children with rotavirus enteritis, and reducing the incidence and severity of diarrhea recurrence in the subsequent 3 months.</p>

Tibial locking multidirectional interlocking intramedullary nail for fractures of tibial plateau / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effects of tibial locking multidirectional interlocking intramedullary nail (TLMIIN) for tibial plateau fractures. Methods 38 cases with closed tibial plateau fractures treated by TLMIIN from October 2008 to May 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 22 males and 16 females, with an average age of 48.7 years (range, 28-67 years). There were 24 fractures on the left side while the other 14 factures were on the right side, which were all fresh frac?tures. According to AO/OTA classification of tibial plateau fractures, there were 4 cases of B1, 1 case of B2, 14 cases of B3, 8 cas?es of C1, 5 cases of C2 and 6 cases of C3. Close reduction were performed on 4 cases (10.5%of all cases). Open reduction were performed on the other 34 cases. The limited incision was decided by the distribution of the fragments and fracture line. Hohl?Luck evaluation system was applied for the follow?up. Results The mean follow?up period was 18.1 months (range, 11-23 months). All fractures were healed at an average period of 87.4 days (range, 48-131 days). The average time from operation to full weight?bearing was 108.9 days (range, 80-128 days). Hohl?Luck evaluation system was used in the final follow?up. The excellent and good rate of functional score was 94.7%(36/38), including 28 cases excellent, 8 cases good and 2 cases fair from functional as?pect. The excellent and good rate of radiological score was 84.2%(32/38), including 23 cases excellent, 9 cases good and 6 cases fair from radiological aspect. No complications such as infection, breakage and loosening of the screw, malunion, nonunion oc?curred at the time of the latest follow?up. 6 cases with serious swelling of the knee joint and the soft tissue of crus were cured by an?ticoagulation, dehydration and physiotherapy treatments after operation. The 2 cases with a little exudates and incrustation was bacterial cultured negative and healed after 16 days and 18 days on the incision. 1 case had lost of reduction due to weight?bearing 1 week after operation, who had 25 degree of varus deformity, which was left dispose, and the bone healing and joint function were unaffected. Conclusion The intramedullary support, restrictive and non?restrictive multidirectional tridimensional fixation of TLMIIN technology had satisfactory effects in treating plateau fractures. It can supply a new therapeutic method, with little dam?age of soft tissues when taking out the internal fixation and reduce some postoperative complications.

Identification of Toxic Hyoscyami Semen and Its Adulterants Using DNA Barcoding / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The misuse of toxic drugsisseriousone of the threats of public health. In this study, toxic Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants were identified by DNA barcoding. The genomic DNA was extracted from 61 samples including Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants by reagent kit method. Their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequence assembly and consensus sequence generation were performed using CodonCode Aligner v 4.25. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joning (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-parameter(K2P) model. The results showed that the intra-specific genetic distances of Hyoscyamusniger were 0.005 which were smaller than inter -specific ones (0.360) of H. niger and their adulterants. The NJ tree showed that H. niger was clustered into one monophyletic branch, and clearly separated with other species. Therefore, ITS2 sequence was able to identify Hyoscyami Semen and its adulterants to ensure the safty of medicines.

Identification of Grain Sprouts Herbs and Their Adulterants Using ITS2 Barcode / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Some grain sprouts herbs recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010, including Oryzae Fructus Germinatus, Setariae Fructus Germinatus and Hordei Fructus Germinatus, together with their adulterants, were identified by ITS2 sequences. The genomic DNA were extracted, their ITS2 sequences were amplified, and purified PCR products were sequenced. Sequences were assembled using the CodonCode Aligner. The genetic distances, variable sites and the neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree were computed by MEGA 6.0 in accordance with the Kimura 2-Parameter (K2P) model. The results showed that their intraspecific genetic distances were all much lower than the interspecific ones of themselves and their adulterants. The NJ tree based on ITS2 sequence indicated that Oryza sativa, Setariaitalica, and Hordeum vulgar formed one monophyletic clade respectively, in addition any one of the grain sprouts herbs and its adulterants could be distinguished clearly. Therefore, ITS2 sequence is suitable to be as a barcode to identify the grain sprouts herbs and their adulterants.